2017年全国统考英语试卷
Part I Oral Communication (10 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Dialogue One
A.When is it taking place?
B.Is Alan attending?
Alice: We're having a meeting tomorrow. Can you make it?
Alice: We're planning at 10 o'clock. Is that OK?
Alice: We're going to go over last quarter's sales figures.
Kevin: Good. I have some input I'd like to make.
Alice: Frank is also going to make some suggestions on improving the bottom line.
Kevin: 2 He's got keen insights.
Alice: Yes, he's going to outline some new sales strategies.
Alice: No, he's flying to San Francisco and won't be able to make it.
Kevin: Oh well, maybe he'll phone in.
A.I'll drop by there on my way to class today.
B.I thought you liked the apartment.
C.I've decided to look for a new place.
Ann: Hello Roger, This is Ann.
Roger: Oh hi, Ann. How have you been? How's your new apartment working out?
Ann: Well, that's what I'm calling about. You see, 4
Roger: Oh, what's the problem with your place now? 5
Ann: Oh, I do, but it's a little far from campus, and the commute is just killing me. Do you think you could help? I thought you might know more about the housing situation near the school,
Roger: Well, I know there's an apartment complex around the corner that seems to have a few vacancies. 6
Roger: No problem.
Directions: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A,B, C and D), taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
C.we were all talking about some TV shows.
D.it's a real honor to have you here.
Maddow: Joining us now for the interview is Hillary Clinton, former secretary of state, former senator, former first lady. Secretary Clinton, 7 Thank you for being here.
Clinton: It's great to be here with you. 8
Maddow: What does a person do after 11 hours of testimony? You’re the only human being I know of on Earth that has done 11 straight hours. What did you do after that?
Clinton: Well, I had my whole team come over to my house and we sat around eating Indian food and drinking wine and beer. 9 It was great.
Maddow: And was it like, "Let's just talk about TV, let's not talk about what just happened?"
Clinton: Yes. Yes, 10 It was great just to have that chance to thank them because they did a terrific job, you know, kind of being there behind me and getting me ready.
Part II Vocabulary (10 points)
Directions: In this part there arc ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
11.The specially developed skin paint will wear off in 2-4 days, but can be removed instantly with alcohol.
A. remain B. dry C. work D. disappear
12.She was tired of his constant complaining and did’t want to tolerate him anymore.
A. catch up to B. put up with C. come up with D. live up to
13.The supporters of either party have rationalized their own opinion in terms of argument.
A. with regard to B. in contrast to C. in addition to D. as opposed to
14.How is it possible that such widespread deception has come to take place right under our noses?
A. delay B. damage C. fraud D. shock
15.It is not yet clear whether the deletion of data at the troubled bank was accidental or deliberate.
A. obvious B. intentional C. surprising D. foolish
16.When required to eat vegetables, many children only do so reluctantly.
A. automatically B. anxiously C. obediently D. unwillingly
17.Recently, the Internet has given rise to a new type of marketplace.
A. created B. conceived C. increased D. improved
18.Another 1,000 workers were dismissed when the machinery plant was in difficulties.
A. taken off B. driven off C. put off D. laid off
19. Credit creates the false idea that you can own things without paying for them.
A. image B. illusion C. imagination D. impression
20. For the audience to better understand the new concept, the professor elaborated it with many examples.
A. summarized B. concluded C. classified D. explained
Part III Reading Comprehension (25 points)
Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Under the right circumstances, choosing to spend time alone can be a huge psychological blessing. In the 1980s, the Italian journalist and author Tiziano Terzani. after many years of reporting across Asia, holed himself up in a cabin in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. "For a month I had no one to talk to except my dog Baoli," he wrote in his book A Fortune Teller Told Me. Terzani passed the time with books, observing nature, "listening to the winds in the trees, watching butterflies, enjoying silence" For the first time in a long while he felt free from the unending anxieties of daily life:"At last I had time to have time."
Terzani’s embrace of isolation was relatively unusual: Humans have long considered solitude an inconvenience, something to avoid, a punishment, a realm of loners. Science has often associated it with negative outcomes. Freud, who linked solitude with anxiety, noted that, "in children the first fears relating to situations are those of darkness and solitude." John Cacioppo, a modern social neuro-scientist who has extensively studied loneliness—what he calls “chronic perceived isolation”—contends that, beyond damaging our thinking powers, isolation can even harm our physical health. But increasingly scientists are approaching solitude as something that, when pursued by choice, can prove a therapy.
This is especially true in times of personal disorder, when the instinct is often for people to reach outside of themselves for support.“When people are experiencing crisis it's not always just about you: It's about how you are in society," explains Jack Fong, a sociologist at California State Polytechnic University who has studied solitude.
In other words, when people remove themselves from the social context of their lives, they are better able to see how they're shaped by that context. Thomas Merton, a monk and writer who spent years alone, held a similar notion. "We cannot see things in perspective until we cease to hug them to our breast,” he writes in Thoughts in Solitude. "people can go for a walk or listen to music and feel that they are deeply in touch with themselves.”
21. Tiziano Terzani spent a month alone to______.
A. embrace isolation B. study butterflies
C. write a book D. look after his dog
22.The word "solitude", (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to "_____".
A. growing anxious B. feeling empty
C. being helpless D. staying alone
23.The opinions of Freud and Cacioppo are cited to show that _____.
A. children tend to fear darkness and solitude
B. solitude pursued by choice can be a therapy
C. chronic isolation can harm interpersonal relations
D. solitude has long been linked with negative outcomes
24.According to Jack Fong, the sense of personal crisis may be influenced by ____.
A. an isolated lifestyle B. mental disorder
C. low self-esteem D. social context
25.The main idea of the passage is that .
A. solitude should be avoided at all costs
B. anxieties of daily life may cause personal crisis
C. choosing to spend time alone can be a blessing
D. seeking support is useless for tackling personal crisis
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate (lesser) food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friends die.
Pigs respond meaningfully to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the 0's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols Still, the pigs ventured only toward the 0-shirtcd people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not-inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, cetaceans (鲸目动物) too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a perspective shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedures in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chicken, pigs, goats, cows, and octopus, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will the breadth of our ethics start to catch up with the breadth of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
26. According to Annie Potts, hens' choice of a later and better reward indicates their ability of _____ .
A. social interaction B. facial recognition
C. logical reasoning D. mutual learning
27.The expression "not-inconsiderable feat'' (Para. 3) shows what pigs can do is _____ .
A. extraordinary B. weird C. unique D. understandable
28.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The similarities between mammals and humans.
B. The necessity of long-term studies on mammals.
C. A change of public attitude to the treatment of mammals.
D. A new discovery of how mammals think and feel.
29.What is the author's view on eating "food animals''?
A. He regrets eating them before.
B. He considers eating them justifiable.
C. He is not concerned about the issue
D. He calls for a change in what we eat.
30.What is the best title for the passage?
B. Food Animals in Science Reports
C. The Inner Lives of Food Animals
D. Food Animals: Past, Present and Future
Almost eight decades ago, the American educator Abraham Flexner published an article entitled The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge. In it, he argued that the most powerful intellectual and technological breakthroughs usually emerged from research that initially appeared "useless", without much relevance to real life.
As a result, it was vital, Flexner said，that these “useless” efforts should be supported, even if they did not produce an immediate payback, because otherwise the next wave of innovation simply would not occur. "Curiosity, which may or may not produce something useful, is probably the outstanding characteristic of modern thinking,” he declared.
In 1929. Flexner persuaded a wealthy American family, the Bambergers, to use some of their donations to fund the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton to support exactly this kind of "undirected" research.
And it paid off: brilliant Jewish scientists fleeing from Nazi Germany, such as Albert Einstein, gathered at the IAS to explore undirected ideas. And while some of these, such as Einstein's own work developing his earlier theory of relativity, did not initially seem valuable, many eventually produced powerful applications (though after many decades).
"Without Einstein's theory, our GPS tracking devices would be inaccurate by about seven miles," writes Robbert Dijkgraaf, the current director of the IAS, in the foreword to a newly released reprint of Flexner's article. Concepts such as quantum mechanics (量子力学）or superconductivity also seemed fairly useless at first—but yielded huge dividends at a later date.
The reason why the IAS is re-releasing Flexner's article now is that scientists such as Dijkgraaf fear this core principle is increasingly under threat. The Trump administration has released a projected budget that threatens to reduce funding for arts, science and educational groups. Many Republicans believe that research is better financed by business or philanthropists (慈善家) than by government. But one striking fact about the past century is how much American innovation originated in federal projects; Silicon Valley would never have boomed were it not for the fact that state funding enabled the development of the World Wide Web, for example.
31.What may be the best title for the passage?
A. The Value of Creative Ideas
B. The Importance of Basic Research
C. Innovation in Silicon Valley
D. In Praise of “Useless” Endeavors
32.According to Abraham Flexner, what is an important feature of modem thinking?
A. Curiosity. B. Application . C. Devotion. D. Passion.
33.The "undirected" research (Para. 3) refers to research _____ .
A. not funded by government agencies
B. without any practical purpose in mind
C. with indefinite experimental methods
D. supported by non-profit organizations
34.Examples of initially "useless" research include all of the following EXCEPT___ .
A. quantum mechanics
35.Flexner's article was reprinted because _____ .
A. businesses in Silicon Valley wish to put pressure on the government
B. Democrats believe that government funding should go to small businesses
C. Republicans argue that scientific research should be financed by businesses
D. some scientists worry that government will cut its funding for basic research
In 1902, Georges Melies made and released a movie called A TVip to the Moon. In this movie, the spaceship was a small capsule, shaped like a bullet, that was loaded into a giant cannon and aimed at the moon.
This movie was based on a book that came out many years earlier by an author named Jules Verne. One of the fans of the book was a Russian man, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. The book made him think. Could one really shoot people out of a cannon and have them get safely to the moon? He decided one couldn't, but it got him thinking of other ways one could get people to the moon. He spent his life considering this problem and came up with many solutions.
Some of Tsiolkovsky’s solutions gave scientists in America and Russia ideas when they began to think about space travel. They also thought about airplanes they and other people had made, and even big bombs that could fly themselves very long distances.
Many scientists spent years working together to solve the problem. They drew and discussed different designs until they agreed on the ones that were the best. Then, they built small models of those designs, and tested and tested them until they felt ready to build even bigger models. They made full-scale rockets, which they launched without any people inside, to test for safety. Often the rockets weren't safe, and they exploded right there on the launch pad, or shot off in crazy directions like a balloon that you blow up and release without tying it first After many, many tests, they started to send small animals into space. Only after a long time did they ever put a person inside a rocket and shoot him into space.
Even after they began sending people into space, scientists were still trying to improve the shape of the rockets. The design changed many times, and eventually ended up looking like a half-rocket and half-airplane. The machine called space shuttle was used for many years. Now, the government lets private companies try their own designs for spaceships, and they have come up with many different, crazy-looking machines.
36.In the movie A Trip to the Moon, the spaceship was sent to the moon _____ .
A. in a capsule B. in a bullet C. by a cannon D. by a gun
37.The movie was based on a book written by _____ .
A. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky B. an unknown author
C. Georges Melies D. Jules Verne
38.Before the invention of a spaceship, possible solutions of space travel included all of the following EXCEPT _____ .
A. bombs B. balloons C. airplanes D. rockets
39.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. It took a long time and hard work to send a person into space.
B. American scientists worked better than Russian scientists.
C. Scientists from Russia and America had close cooperation.
D. The design of the rocket was inspired by the movie A Trip to the Moon.
40.The word "shoot" (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to "_____".
A. send with great force B. break into many pieces
C. fix a problem D. attack with a weapon
Directions: In this section, you are required to rend one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers At B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
In 2003,1 was told by a restaurant owner on a Thai island that local fishermen used to wrap their lunch in banana leaves, which they would then casually toss overboard when done. That was OK, because the leaves decayed and the fish ate them all. But in the past decade, he said, plastic wrap had rapidly replaced banana leaves, so the beach was edged with a crust of plastic.
This is a worldwide problem一we can’t point the finger at Thai fishermen. The UK alone produces more than 170m tons of waste every year, much of it food packaging. Now we live in an absurd age where a packet of cookies can have seven layers of wrapping. While it has revolutionised the way we store and consume food, there is now so much of it that landfills (垃圾填埋场) can’t cope. Some of it is poisonous, and some of it never degrades. It can take 450 years for some types of plastic bottle to break down. Indeed, as Rachelle Strauss of the UK’s Zero Waste Week says, we never actually throw anything “away”一it's really just put somewhere else.
It’s easy to despair at the scale of handling the plastic wrap, but it isn't beyond humanity to solve it—look at how the world took action on CFCs (含氯氟烃) : there are signs that the hole in the ozone layer is now closing. Food packaging ought to be a doddle.
While as an individual I can do my best to avoid excessive packaging, it is really only government regulation that can force corporations to change their practices.
I never understand why supermarket chains insist on covering products such as bananas and cucumbers in plastic wrap. Why? They have their own packaging--the skin or peel!
Comment 3:
I love packaging—if it's well designed of course. It helps us be more hygienic and practical. The solution to these packaging necessities is clearly to encourage the use of bio-degradable packaging.
Comment 4:
Before, everything we threw out was bio-degradable and now it's not. Guess it's hard to change that behavior overnight.
What is the author's view on the plastic problem in Thailand?
A. The problem is not unique to Thailand.
B. There is no point overreacting to the problem.
C. It is important to raise people's awareness.
D. The government should be held responsible.
42."A packet of cookies" is mentioned in Paragraph 2 to _____ .
A. illustrate the problem of excessive packaging
B. introduce the revolutionary way of packaging
C. review the gradual development of packaging
D. emphasize the necessity of food packaging
43.The word “doddle”（Para. 3) probably means “something _____ ".
A. no longer useful B. extremely difficult
C. beyond imagination D. easily accomplished
44.Which of the comments is positive about packaging?
A. Comment 1. B. Comment 2. C. Comment 3. D. Comment 4.
45.Which of the following comments point out ways lo solve over-packaging?
A. Comments 1 and 2. B. Comments l and 3.
C. Comments 2 and 4. D. Comments 3 and. 4.
Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
How many people can live on the face of the earth? No one knows the answer. It depends on how much food people can grow 46 destroying the environment.
More people now exist than ever before, and the population 47 growing. Every 15 seconds, about 100 babies arc born. Before the end of this century, the earth may 48 10 billion people!
To feed everyone, farmers must grow more food, They are trying to do so. World food production has gradually 49 over the years, in some parts of the world, 50 , the population is growing faster than the food supply. Some experts fear the world will not be able to produce enough food for a 51 that never stops increasing.
To grow more crops on the same 52 of land, farmers use fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂). Some plant new kinds of grains that produce more food. These things help — 53 they don't provide perfect solutions. The chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides can pollute water supplies. The new seeds developed by scientists have reached the 54 of what they can produce.
When hungry people can get no more out of 55 field, they clear trees from hills and forests for new farmland, and in doing so they expose the soil. Then rain and floods may strip the topsoil from fields. This process is called erosion. Each year erosion steals billions of tons of topsoil from farmers.
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Part V Text Completion (20 point)
Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions. Above each text there are three or four items to be completed First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the items. Second, use the completed items to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Text One
A.helps
B.while
C.messages
D.closely
Phrases:
A.you watched 56 eating it
B.send nerve 57 to your brain
C.our noses and our brain are very 58 connected
D. 59 us remember things
For years, scientists have been studying the special powers of smells. It seems that 60 . When you smell something, the odor goes up your nose to the smelling zones. From here, sense cells 61 telling it what you smelled.
More than our other four senses, our sense of smell changes our mood and 62 . If you were told to think about popcorn, you'd probably recall its smell. And then you might remember the movie 63 . Our sense of smell also makes us aware of danger—like the smell of smoke.
Text Two
A.give presentations
B.new innovations
C.uploaded
Phrases:
A.how to help poor people with all sorts of 64
B.all the speeches are 65 to their website
C. 66 on a variety of topics
TED is a set of conferences, held in various cities around the world every year. With various speakers—also from various parts of the globe— 67 ,for everyone to see.
TED conferences invite speakers to 68 . The different speakers are usually experts in their field and talk about new ideas and recent developments that are important to their work. The speakers are often also well known, with people such as Microsoft giant Bill Gates and world-renowned chimpanzee expert, Jane Goodall, having given talks. There are many talks on environmentalism, for example, and on international development，aid work，and 69 . While the talks cover a wide variety of topics, all speakers have a strict time limit—each presentation must last no longer than 18 minutes.
The time spent with technology doesn't just give kids new ways of doing things, it changes 73 . For example, an article says that while video games may condition the brain to pay attention to multiple stimuli, they can lead to distraction and decreased memory. Children who always use search engines may become very 74 but not very good at remembering it. In addition, the article said, children who use too much technology may not have enough opportunities 75 or to read and think deeply about the material.
Part VI Translation (10 point)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
When it comes to personal finance, we are all looking for ways to save more money. Our household budgets are filled with both big and small expenses that we imagine can be cut out to save us loads of cash or,at the very least,spent better elsewhere. One of the things you have surely considered is using public transportation rather than your own vehicle. It would be easy to assume that public transportation is cheaper, because bus fare is far less expensive than gas,but those are not the only costs to consider. Take a step back to your high school economics class and try to remember the lesson about opportunity costs. These,as you might recall if you were awake for that class, are the things you give up when you choose one option over other options , Although they are not measured in dollars and cents, they still have to be considered whenever you make a financial decision.
Part VII Writing (15 point)
Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: what makes happy couples happy? You could write according to the hint given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.
Happy couples know what is essential to maintain a happy relationship. For instance, daily habits are extremely helpful in making their relationship.
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